Proceedings of the Twenty-First International Machine Tool by J.M. Alexander PDF

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Extra resources for Proceedings of the Twenty-First International Machine Tool Design and Research Conference

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INTRODUCTION Distribution diagrams of residual stresses, arising from different types of plastic superficial deformation-cold hardening, are shown in Fig. 1-5 [13. Two types of distribution are observed: one with a maximum of compressive residual stresses on the surface, and the second with a "drop" of compressive residual stresses towards the surface. With certain types of superficial cold hardening both types of residual stress distribution are encountered (cold hardening by rollers, centrifugal or gravitational cold hardening by balls).

Towards the surface, where the plastic deformation begins later and proceeds at lower intensity, a Solution of this problem will facilitate strengthening by superficial plastic deformation to be carried out in the most effective way, ensuring the greatest increase of fatigue strength. We see that the origin of stress distributions with a drop of compressive stresses towards the surface can be explained without involving accessory phenomena accompanying superficial plastic deformation. The conditions necessary for the emergence of residual stress distributions with a drop towards the surface are inherent in the very scheme of stressed conditions arising from contact pressure.

86 Graphical Presentation of the Results In order to allow an analysis of the results from the computer model, the relationships T =f(a) for various percent reduction values (r%) an8 x tQX~f(r%) for various values of the friction coeffTclent, have been plotted in Figs. 3 and 4. As can be seen from the characteristics of Fig. 3, an abrupt temperature rise of several degrees occurs at the plane of strip entrance into the gap between the rolls. At first, the temperature is increasing almost linearly and then the rate of temperature rise is decreasing.

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